The PDE system is a crucial regulator of steroidogenesis, and cAMP is a powerful second messenger that relays the continuance of steroidogenesis. LH levels and LH efficiency is functionally increased by cyclic adenosine monophosphate; including the StAR proteins. Thus the study conducted below proves that by inhibiting the breakdown enzymes that hydrolyze/degrade the messenger cAMP , we may thereby drastically increase testosterone production.
Two methods may be employed to utilize this physiological hack.
DIPYRIDAMOLE (Persantine), a nonselective PDE inhibitor with confirmed PDE8 affinity as well as PDE4 affinity can be purchased at the following link.
https://www.napsgear.org/product_info.php?ref=2522&products_id=416
Butea Superba + Cialis.
http://www.secure-sales.org.uk/clinic/page.cgi?id=inversi0n
cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterases 8A and 8B, Essential Regulators of Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 8A and PDE8B are high-affinity, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases that are highly expressed in Leydig cells. PDE8A is largely associated with mitochondria, whereas PDE8B is broadly distributed in the cytosol. We used a new, PDE8-selective inhibitor, PF-04957325, and genetically ablated PDE8A(−/−), PDE8B(−/−) and PDE8A(−/−)/B(−/−) mice to determine roles for these PDEs in the regulation of testosterone production. PF-04957325 treatment of WT Leydig cells or MA10 cells increased steroid production but had no effect in PDE8A (−/−)/B(−/−) double-knockout cells, confirming the selectivity of the drug. Moreover, under basal conditions, cotreatment with PF-04957325 plus rolipram, a PDE4-selective inhibitor, synergistically potentiated steroid production. These results suggest that the pool(s) of cAMP regulating androgen production are controlled by PDE8s working in conjunction with PDE4. Likewise, PDE8A (−/−)/B(−/−) cells had higher testosterone production than cells from either PDE8A(−/−) or PDE8B(−/−) mice, suggesting that both PDE8s work in concert to regulate steroid production. We further demonstrate that combined inhibition of PDE8s and PDE4 greatly increased PKA activity including phosphorylation of cholesterol-ester hydrolase (CEH)/hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). CEH/HSL phosphorylation also was increased in PDE8A(−/−)/B(−/−) cells compared with WT cells. Finally, combined inhibition of PDE8s and PDE4 increased the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. Together these findings suggest that both PDE8A and PDE8B play essential roles to maintain low cAMP levels, thereby suppressing resting steroidogenesis by keeping CEH/HSL inactive and StAR protein expression low. They also suggest that in order for PDE inhibitor therapy to be an effective stimulator of steroidogenesis, both PDE8 isozymes and PDE4 need to be simultaneously targeted.
Two methods may be employed to utilize this physiological hack.
DIPYRIDAMOLE (Persantine), a nonselective PDE inhibitor with confirmed PDE8 affinity as well as PDE4 affinity can be purchased at the following link.
https://www.napsgear.org/product_info.php?ref=2522&products_id=416
Butea Superba + Cialis.
http://www.secure-sales.org.uk/clinic/page.cgi?id=inversi0n
cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterases 8A and 8B, Essential Regulators of Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 8A and PDE8B are high-affinity, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases that are highly expressed in Leydig cells. PDE8A is largely associated with mitochondria, whereas PDE8B is broadly distributed in the cytosol. We used a new, PDE8-selective inhibitor, PF-04957325, and genetically ablated PDE8A(−/−), PDE8B(−/−) and PDE8A(−/−)/B(−/−) mice to determine roles for these PDEs in the regulation of testosterone production. PF-04957325 treatment of WT Leydig cells or MA10 cells increased steroid production but had no effect in PDE8A (−/−)/B(−/−) double-knockout cells, confirming the selectivity of the drug. Moreover, under basal conditions, cotreatment with PF-04957325 plus rolipram, a PDE4-selective inhibitor, synergistically potentiated steroid production. These results suggest that the pool(s) of cAMP regulating androgen production are controlled by PDE8s working in conjunction with PDE4. Likewise, PDE8A (−/−)/B(−/−) cells had higher testosterone production than cells from either PDE8A(−/−) or PDE8B(−/−) mice, suggesting that both PDE8s work in concert to regulate steroid production. We further demonstrate that combined inhibition of PDE8s and PDE4 greatly increased PKA activity including phosphorylation of cholesterol-ester hydrolase (CEH)/hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). CEH/HSL phosphorylation also was increased in PDE8A(−/−)/B(−/−) cells compared with WT cells. Finally, combined inhibition of PDE8s and PDE4 increased the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. Together these findings suggest that both PDE8A and PDE8B play essential roles to maintain low cAMP levels, thereby suppressing resting steroidogenesis by keeping CEH/HSL inactive and StAR protein expression low. They also suggest that in order for PDE inhibitor therapy to be an effective stimulator of steroidogenesis, both PDE8 isozymes and PDE4 need to be simultaneously targeted.
